Cartilaginous Intrusion of the Atrioventricular Node in a Quarter Horse with a High Burden of Second-Degree AV Block and Collapse: A Case Report
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Cartilaginous Intrusion of the Atrioventricular Node in a Quarter Horse with a High Burden of Second-Degree AV Block and Collapse : A Case Report. / Nissen, Sarah Dalgas; Saljic, Arnela; Kjeldsen, Sofie Troest; Jespersen, Thomas; Hopster-Iversen, Charlotte; Buhl, Rikke.
In: Animals, Vol. 12, No. 21, 2915, 2022.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Cartilaginous Intrusion of the Atrioventricular Node in a Quarter Horse with a High Burden of Second-Degree AV Block and Collapse
T2 - A Case Report
AU - Nissen, Sarah Dalgas
AU - Saljic, Arnela
AU - Kjeldsen, Sofie Troest
AU - Jespersen, Thomas
AU - Hopster-Iversen, Charlotte
AU - Buhl, Rikke
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - Second-degree atrioventricular (AV) block is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in horses, affecting 40–90% depending on breed. Usually, the AV blocks occur while the horses are resting and disappear upon exercise and are, therefore, considered to be uneventful for horses. However, if the AV blocks occur frequently, this may result in syncope and collapse. Identifying the cause of second-degree AV block is difficult and often subscribed to high vagal tone. In this report, we present an eight-year-old Quarter horse with a high burden of second-degree AV blocks and multiple collapses. The clinical examination, including neurological examination, blood analysis, 24-h ECG recording and cardiac echocardiography, did not reveal any signs of general or cardiovascular disease besides a high burden of second-degree AV blocks (~300 blocks per hour) and a hyperechoic area in the AV nodal region. An implantable loop recorder (ILR) was inserted to monitor the cardiac rhythm. The ILR detected several consecutive second-degree AV blocks and pauses above 5 s. However, unfortunately, no recordings were available during the collapses. Eventually, the horse was euthanized and the heart inspected. The aortic root was severely cartilaginous and appeared to penetrate the AV node, especially in the His bundle region, possibly explaining the hampered AV conduction. Nevertheless, it is still uncertain if the AV nodal disruption caused the collapses and more knowledge on AV nodal diseases in horses is warranted.
AB - Second-degree atrioventricular (AV) block is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in horses, affecting 40–90% depending on breed. Usually, the AV blocks occur while the horses are resting and disappear upon exercise and are, therefore, considered to be uneventful for horses. However, if the AV blocks occur frequently, this may result in syncope and collapse. Identifying the cause of second-degree AV block is difficult and often subscribed to high vagal tone. In this report, we present an eight-year-old Quarter horse with a high burden of second-degree AV blocks and multiple collapses. The clinical examination, including neurological examination, blood analysis, 24-h ECG recording and cardiac echocardiography, did not reveal any signs of general or cardiovascular disease besides a high burden of second-degree AV blocks (~300 blocks per hour) and a hyperechoic area in the AV nodal region. An implantable loop recorder (ILR) was inserted to monitor the cardiac rhythm. The ILR detected several consecutive second-degree AV blocks and pauses above 5 s. However, unfortunately, no recordings were available during the collapses. Eventually, the horse was euthanized and the heart inspected. The aortic root was severely cartilaginous and appeared to penetrate the AV node, especially in the His bundle region, possibly explaining the hampered AV conduction. Nevertheless, it is still uncertain if the AV nodal disruption caused the collapses and more knowledge on AV nodal diseases in horses is warranted.
KW - AV nodal histology
KW - cardiac arrhythmias
KW - cardiac cartilage
KW - equine
KW - His bundle
KW - implantable loop recorder
KW - syncope
U2 - 10.3390/ani12212915
DO - 10.3390/ani12212915
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 36359039
AN - SCOPUS:85141676713
VL - 12
JO - Animals
JF - Animals
SN - 2076-2615
IS - 21
M1 - 2915
ER -
ID: 327065555