New insight into the composition of extracellular traps released by macrophages exposed to different types of inducers

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Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) release plays a key role in many chronic disease settings, including atherosclerosis. They are critical to innate immune defence, but also contribute to disease by promoting thrombosis and inflammation. Macrophages are known to release extracellular traps or “METs”, but their composition and role in pathological processes are less well defined. In this study, we examined MET release from human THP-1 macrophages exposed to model inflammatory and pathogenic stimuli, including tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and nigericin. In each case, there was release of DNA from the macrophages, as visualized by fluorescence microscopy with the cell impermeable DNA binding dye SYTOX green, consistent with MET formation. Proteomic analysis on METs released from macrophages exposed to TNFα and nigericin reveals that they are composed of linker and core histones, together with a range of cytosolic and mitochondrial proteins. These include proteins involved in DNA binding, stress responses, cytoskeletal organisation, metabolism, inflammation, anti-microbial activity, and calcium binding. Quinone oxidoreductase in particular, was highly abundant in all METs but has not been reported previously in NETs. Moreover, there was an absence of proteases in METs in contrast to NETs. Some of the MET histones, contained post-translational modifications, including acetylation and methylation of Lys but not citrullination of Arg. These data provide new insight into the potential implications of MET formation in vivo and their contributions to immune defence and pathology.

OriginalsprogEngelsk
TidsskriftFree Radical Biology and Medicine
Vol/bind202
Sider (fra-til)97-109
Antal sider13
ISSN0891-5849
DOI
StatusUdgivet - 2023

Bibliografisk note

Funding Information:
This work was supported by grants from the Novo Nordisk Foundation (Biomedical Project Grant NNF17OC0028990 to CH), the Royal Society of Chemistry (Development Grant, R21-4699728863 to CH), and the Carlsberg Foundation ( CF19-0451 to PH ).

Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank Professor Michael Davies for helpful discussions and providing access to the Bruker TIMS TOF PRO mass spectrometer used in this study (funded by the Novo Nordisk Foundation , grant number NNF205A0064214 ).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors

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