TY - JOUR

T1 - The Ultra-Long-Term Sleep study

T2 - Design, rationale, data stability and user perspective

AU - Ahrens, Esben

AU - Jennum, Poul

AU - Duun-Henriksen, Jonas

AU - Borregaard, Helle W.S.

AU - Nielsen, Sofie Sylvest

AU - Taptiklis, Nick

AU - Cormack, Francesca

AU - Djurhuus, Bjarki Ditlev

AU - Homøe, Preben

AU - Kjær, Troels W.

AU - Hemmsen, Martin Christian

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2024 The Authors. Journal of Sleep Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Sleep Research Society.

PY - 2024

Y1 - 2024

N2 - Sleep deprivation and poor sleep quality are significant societal challenges that negatively impact individuals' health. The interaction between subjective sleep quality, objective sleep measures, physical and cognitive performance, and their day-to-day variations remains poorly understood. Our year-long study of 20 healthy individuals, using subcutaneous electroencephalography, aimed to elucidate these interactions, assessing data stability and participant satisfaction, usability, well-being and adherence. In the study, 25 participants were fitted with a minimally invasive subcutaneous electroencephalography lead, with 20 completing the year of subcutaneous electroencephalography recording. Signal stability was measured using covariance of variation. Participant satisfaction, usability and well-being were measured with questionnaires: Perceived Ease of Use questionnaire, System Usability Scale, Headache questionnaire, Major Depression Inventory, World Health Organization 5-item Well-Being Index, and interviews. The subcutaneous electroencephalography signals remained stable for the entire year, with an average participant adherence rate of 91%. Participants rated their satisfaction with the subcutaneous electroencephalography device as easy to use with minimal or no discomfort. The System Usability Scale score was high at 86.3 ± 10.1, and interviews highlighted that participants understood how to use the subcutaneous electroencephalography device and described a period of acclimatization to sleeping with the device. This study provides compelling evidence for the feasibility of longitudinal sleep monitoring during everyday life utilizing subcutaneous electroencephalography in healthy subjects, showcasing excellent signal stability, adherence and user experience. The amassed subcutaneous electroencephalography data constitutes the largest dataset of its kind, and is poised to significantly advance our understanding of day-to-day variations in normal sleep and provide key insights into subjective and objective sleep quality.

AB - Sleep deprivation and poor sleep quality are significant societal challenges that negatively impact individuals' health. The interaction between subjective sleep quality, objective sleep measures, physical and cognitive performance, and their day-to-day variations remains poorly understood. Our year-long study of 20 healthy individuals, using subcutaneous electroencephalography, aimed to elucidate these interactions, assessing data stability and participant satisfaction, usability, well-being and adherence. In the study, 25 participants were fitted with a minimally invasive subcutaneous electroencephalography lead, with 20 completing the year of subcutaneous electroencephalography recording. Signal stability was measured using covariance of variation. Participant satisfaction, usability and well-being were measured with questionnaires: Perceived Ease of Use questionnaire, System Usability Scale, Headache questionnaire, Major Depression Inventory, World Health Organization 5-item Well-Being Index, and interviews. The subcutaneous electroencephalography signals remained stable for the entire year, with an average participant adherence rate of 91%. Participants rated their satisfaction with the subcutaneous electroencephalography device as easy to use with minimal or no discomfort. The System Usability Scale score was high at 86.3 ± 10.1, and interviews highlighted that participants understood how to use the subcutaneous electroencephalography device and described a period of acclimatization to sleeping with the device. This study provides compelling evidence for the feasibility of longitudinal sleep monitoring during everyday life utilizing subcutaneous electroencephalography in healthy subjects, showcasing excellent signal stability, adherence and user experience. The amassed subcutaneous electroencephalography data constitutes the largest dataset of its kind, and is poised to significantly advance our understanding of day-to-day variations in normal sleep and provide key insights into subjective and objective sleep quality.

KW - actigraphy

KW - chronobiology

KW - home monitoring

KW - psychomotor vigilance task

KW - sleep monitoring, subcutaneous electroencephalogram

KW - ultra-long-term electroencephalogram monitoring

U2 - 10.1111/jsr.14197

DO - 10.1111/jsr.14197

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 38572813

AN - SCOPUS:85189963435

JO - Journal of Sleep Research (Print)

JF - Journal of Sleep Research (Print)

SN - 0962-1105

ER -