Systemic immune markers and infection risk in preterm infants fed human milk fortified with bovine colostrum or conventional fortifier, a secondary analysis of the FortiColos trial
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Systemic immune markers and infection risk in preterm infants fed human milk fortified with bovine colostrum or conventional fortifier, a secondary analysis of the FortiColos trial. / Bæk, Ole; Muk, Tik; Aunsholt, Lise; Zachariasen, Gitte; Sangild, Per Torp; Nguyen, Duc Ninh.
I: Infection, 2024.Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
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T1 - Systemic immune markers and infection risk in preterm infants fed human milk fortified with bovine colostrum or conventional fortifier, a secondary analysis of the FortiColos trial
AU - Bæk, Ole
AU - Muk, Tik
AU - Aunsholt, Lise
AU - Zachariasen, Gitte
AU - Sangild, Per Torp
AU - Nguyen, Duc Ninh
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2024.
PY - 2024
Y1 - 2024
N2 - Background: For very preterm infants, human milk is often fortified with formula products based on processed bovine milk. Intact bovine colostrum (BC), rich in anti-inflammatory milk factors, is considered an alternative. We investigated if BC affects anti-inflammatory/TH2 immunity and infection risk in very preterm infants. Methods: For a secondary analysis of a multicenter, randomized controlled trial (NCT03537365), very preterm infants (26–31 weeks gestation, 23% small for gestational age, SGA) were randomized to receive BC (ColoDan, Biofiber, Denmark, n = 113) or conventional fortifier (PreNAN, Nestlé, Switzerland, n = 116). Infection was defined as antibiotic treatment for five or more consecutive days and 29 cytokines/chemokines were measured in plasma before and after start of fortification. Results: In general, infection risk after start of fortification was associated with low gestational age, SGA status and antibiotics use prior to fortification. Adjusted for confounders, infants fortified with BC showed more infection episodes (20 vs 12%, P < 0.05) and higher cumulative infection risk (hazard ratio, HR 1.9, P = 0.06), particularly for SGA infants (HR 3.6, P < 0.05). Additionally, BC-fortified infants had higher levels of TH2-related cytokines/chemokines (IL-10, MDC, MCP4) and reduced levels of cytokines related to TH1/TH17-responses (IL-15, IL-17, GM-CSF). The differences were most pronounced in SGA infants, displaying higher levels of TH2-related IL-4, IL-6, and IL-13, and lower interferon-γ and IL-1α levels in the BC group. Conclusion: Infants fortified with BC displayed a delayed shift from TH2- to TH1-biased systemic immunity, notably in SGA infants, possibly influenced by multiple confounding factors, alongside elevated antibiotic use, suggesting increased susceptibility to infection.
AB - Background: For very preterm infants, human milk is often fortified with formula products based on processed bovine milk. Intact bovine colostrum (BC), rich in anti-inflammatory milk factors, is considered an alternative. We investigated if BC affects anti-inflammatory/TH2 immunity and infection risk in very preterm infants. Methods: For a secondary analysis of a multicenter, randomized controlled trial (NCT03537365), very preterm infants (26–31 weeks gestation, 23% small for gestational age, SGA) were randomized to receive BC (ColoDan, Biofiber, Denmark, n = 113) or conventional fortifier (PreNAN, Nestlé, Switzerland, n = 116). Infection was defined as antibiotic treatment for five or more consecutive days and 29 cytokines/chemokines were measured in plasma before and after start of fortification. Results: In general, infection risk after start of fortification was associated with low gestational age, SGA status and antibiotics use prior to fortification. Adjusted for confounders, infants fortified with BC showed more infection episodes (20 vs 12%, P < 0.05) and higher cumulative infection risk (hazard ratio, HR 1.9, P = 0.06), particularly for SGA infants (HR 3.6, P < 0.05). Additionally, BC-fortified infants had higher levels of TH2-related cytokines/chemokines (IL-10, MDC, MCP4) and reduced levels of cytokines related to TH1/TH17-responses (IL-15, IL-17, GM-CSF). The differences were most pronounced in SGA infants, displaying higher levels of TH2-related IL-4, IL-6, and IL-13, and lower interferon-γ and IL-1α levels in the BC group. Conclusion: Infants fortified with BC displayed a delayed shift from TH2- to TH1-biased systemic immunity, notably in SGA infants, possibly influenced by multiple confounding factors, alongside elevated antibiotic use, suggesting increased susceptibility to infection.
KW - Anti-inflammatory
KW - Bovine colostrum
KW - Fortification
KW - Immune development
KW - Infection
KW - Preterm infant
U2 - 10.1007/s15010-024-02280-3
DO - 10.1007/s15010-024-02280-3
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 38775927
AN - SCOPUS:85193809715
JO - Therapies
JF - Therapies
SN - 0300-8126
ER -
ID: 395132660