Online Depiction of Urticaria Is Often Flawed and Does Not Reflect the Spectrum of Clinical Manifestation
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Online Depiction of Urticaria Is Often Flawed and Does Not Reflect the Spectrum of Clinical Manifestation. / Zhang, Ditte Georgina; Sørensen, Jennifer Astrup; Pedersen, Nadja Højgaard; Ali, Zarqa; Kocatürk, Emek; Maurer, Marcus; Thomsen, Simon Francis.
I: Dermatology, Bind 240, Nr. 3, 2024, s. 507-513.Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Online Depiction of Urticaria Is Often Flawed and Does Not Reflect the Spectrum of Clinical Manifestation
AU - Zhang, Ditte Georgina
AU - Sørensen, Jennifer Astrup
AU - Pedersen, Nadja Højgaard
AU - Ali, Zarqa
AU - Kocatürk, Emek
AU - Maurer, Marcus
AU - Thomsen, Simon Francis
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2023 S. Karger AG, Basel.
PY - 2024
Y1 - 2024
N2 - Introduction: The internet is a popular source of health information including images of disease manifestations. Online photographs of skin lesions may aid patients in identifying their disease, if these pictures are of good quality and of the disease they claim to show. If not, patients may be at risk of delayed diagnosis, misdiagnosis, and suboptimal treatment. For urticaria, the mismatch rate and quality of online pictures are unknown. The objective of this study was therefore to evaluate the content and quality of online images of urticaria. Methods: The search term "urticaria"was applied to Google Images and Shutterstock. The top 100 photographs from each search engine were retrieved on October 9th, 2022. Illustrations, drawings, and heavily edited photographs were excluded. Each image was evaluated for patient characteristics, characteristics of urticarial lesions, and image quality. Results: Across 194 unique images of urticaria (after removing duplicates), 35 (18.0%) did not depict urticarial lesions, and 38 (19.6%) were ambiguous. Less than two-thirds of images 121 (62.4%) showed bona fide urticarial lesions. Pictures of urticarial lesions under-represented children and did not reflect female preponderance of the disease. Images predominantly depicted urticaria lesions on Caucasian skin (59.8%) and were typical of spontaneous rather than inducible urticaria. Only 3 (1.5%) pictures showed angioedema, a common clinical sign in patients with urticaria. The overall quality of online urticaria pictures was mostly good or very good. Conclusion: Physicians and patients should be aware that one in five online pictures of urticaria does not show urticarial skin lesions, and children, females, non-Caucasian patients, inducible urticaria, and angioedema are under-represented. These findings should prompt efforts to improve the accuracy and representativeness of online urticaria pictures.
AB - Introduction: The internet is a popular source of health information including images of disease manifestations. Online photographs of skin lesions may aid patients in identifying their disease, if these pictures are of good quality and of the disease they claim to show. If not, patients may be at risk of delayed diagnosis, misdiagnosis, and suboptimal treatment. For urticaria, the mismatch rate and quality of online pictures are unknown. The objective of this study was therefore to evaluate the content and quality of online images of urticaria. Methods: The search term "urticaria"was applied to Google Images and Shutterstock. The top 100 photographs from each search engine were retrieved on October 9th, 2022. Illustrations, drawings, and heavily edited photographs were excluded. Each image was evaluated for patient characteristics, characteristics of urticarial lesions, and image quality. Results: Across 194 unique images of urticaria (after removing duplicates), 35 (18.0%) did not depict urticarial lesions, and 38 (19.6%) were ambiguous. Less than two-thirds of images 121 (62.4%) showed bona fide urticarial lesions. Pictures of urticarial lesions under-represented children and did not reflect female preponderance of the disease. Images predominantly depicted urticaria lesions on Caucasian skin (59.8%) and were typical of spontaneous rather than inducible urticaria. Only 3 (1.5%) pictures showed angioedema, a common clinical sign in patients with urticaria. The overall quality of online urticaria pictures was mostly good or very good. Conclusion: Physicians and patients should be aware that one in five online pictures of urticaria does not show urticarial skin lesions, and children, females, non-Caucasian patients, inducible urticaria, and angioedema are under-represented. These findings should prompt efforts to improve the accuracy and representativeness of online urticaria pictures.
KW - Angioedema
KW - Google
KW - Onlinemedia
KW - Photographs
KW - Shutterstock
KW - Urticaria
U2 - 10.1159/000535932
DO - 10.1159/000535932
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 38142684
AN - SCOPUS:85194483087
VL - 240
SP - 507
EP - 513
JO - Dermatology
JF - Dermatology
SN - 1018-8665
IS - 3
ER -
ID: 394710223