TY - JOUR

T1 - Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and serial missed appointments in general practice

AU - McQueenie, Ross

AU - Ellis, David A

AU - Williamson, Andrea

AU - Wilson, Philip Michael John

PY - 2024

Y1 - 2024

N2 - Background: Missingness’ in health care has recently been flagged as a major challenge due to associations between missing multiple appointments and poor long-term outcomes. Patients with mental health problems, for example, can have difficulties maintaining continuity of care and miss appointments with adverse consequences including increased mortality. This is especially problematic for those with a diagnosis of ADHD because it is relatively common, with an estimated prevalence of 2-5% of the population. This study therefore aimed to a) establish the prevalence of recorded ADHD b) characterise and compare GP attendees with and without ADHD on health and social variables, and c) assess whether ADHD was associated with an increased risk of missing scheduled appointments in general practice.Methods and Findings: Using administrative data from 136 Scottish general practices, patients with at least one GP appointment between September 2013-2016 we identified those with ADHD based on data on diagnoses/ prescriptions. Each case was matched (sex and age) to five randomly selected GP attendees. Groups were compared regarding health, social status and missed appointments. All results were stratified by age <18 or ≥18 years. Among 824,374 GP patients we identified 2,452 with a record of ADHD (0.8% among those <18 years; 0.2% age ≥18 years). ADHD was associated with living in socially deprived areas of Scotland, and multimorbidity was more frequent in adults (p<0.01). Adjusting for the number of total appointments made, ADHD was associated missing GPappointments (<18 years: OR=1.6, 95%CI=1.4-1.9; ≥18 years: OR=1.9, 95%CI=1.7-2.2). Annually21% in those <18 and 38% of those age ≥18 years missed at least one GP appointment.Conclusions: The prevalence of recorded ADHD in Scottish general practice is low but comparable to other studies using data derived from medical records. More importantly, this is the first study to demonstrate an association between ADHD and missingness in general practice. The findings have important implications for health services concerning the early diagnosis and treatment of ADHD.

AB - Background: Missingness’ in health care has recently been flagged as a major challenge due to associations between missing multiple appointments and poor long-term outcomes. Patients with mental health problems, for example, can have difficulties maintaining continuity of care and miss appointments with adverse consequences including increased mortality. This is especially problematic for those with a diagnosis of ADHD because it is relatively common, with an estimated prevalence of 2-5% of the population. This study therefore aimed to a) establish the prevalence of recorded ADHD b) characterise and compare GP attendees with and without ADHD on health and social variables, and c) assess whether ADHD was associated with an increased risk of missing scheduled appointments in general practice.Methods and Findings: Using administrative data from 136 Scottish general practices, patients with at least one GP appointment between September 2013-2016 we identified those with ADHD based on data on diagnoses/ prescriptions. Each case was matched (sex and age) to five randomly selected GP attendees. Groups were compared regarding health, social status and missed appointments. All results were stratified by age <18 or ≥18 years. Among 824,374 GP patients we identified 2,452 with a record of ADHD (0.8% among those <18 years; 0.2% age ≥18 years). ADHD was associated with living in socially deprived areas of Scotland, and multimorbidity was more frequent in adults (p<0.01). Adjusting for the number of total appointments made, ADHD was associated missing GPappointments (<18 years: OR=1.6, 95%CI=1.4-1.9; ≥18 years: OR=1.9, 95%CI=1.7-2.2). Annually21% in those <18 and 38% of those age ≥18 years missed at least one GP appointment.Conclusions: The prevalence of recorded ADHD in Scottish general practice is low but comparable to other studies using data derived from medical records. More importantly, this is the first study to demonstrate an association between ADHD and missingness in general practice. The findings have important implications for health services concerning the early diagnosis and treatment of ADHD.

UR - https://abdn.elsevierpure.com/en/publications/attention-deficithyperactivity-disorder-and-serial-missed-appoint

M3 - Journal article

JO - PLOS Mental Health

JF - PLOS Mental Health

SN - 2837-8156

ER -