Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) is a hormone produced primarily in the distal intestine, stimulated by enteral nutrients, and playing diverse roles in the intestinal adaptation and growth. We aimed to investigate whether GLP-2 may play a role in the development of feeding intolerance which is a common problem in preterm newborns resulting from the intestinal immaturity. The study included 20 term and 28 preterm neonates. Of preterm babies, 13 showed feeding intolerance fulfilling at least one of the following criteria: abdominal distension, increased gastric residual volume and presence of bile in the gastric aspirate. The plasma GLP-2 levels measured prior to enteral feeding (fasting level) and at 60 min after the beginning of the feeding (post-pradial level) were correlated with of clinical parameters. There was no statistical difference between GLP-2 levels of overall preterm babies and those of term newborns. However, preterm neonates with feeding intolerance showed significantly lower levels of GLP-2 and increased duration to achieve full enteral feeding and hospitalization. It is suggested that GLP-2 plays a significant role in the regulation of feeding in newborns and that preterm babies with low levels of GLP-2 carry a risk for development of feeding intolerance. It may, therefore, be of relevance to investigate the therapeutic and prophylactic effects of GLP-2 administration in the preterm babies.