Fortifying a meal with oyster mushroom powder beneficially affects postprandial glucagon-like peptide-1, non-esterified free fatty acids and hunger sensation in adults with impaired glucose tolerance: a double-blind randomized controlled crossover trial

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  • Lisa Dicks
  • Linda Jakobs
  • Miriam Sari
  • Reinhard Hambitzer
  • Norbert Ludwig
  • Marie-Christine Simon
  • Peter Stehle
  • Birgit Stoffel-Wagner
  • Hans-Peter Helfrich
  • Jenny Ahlborn
  • Martin Rühl
  • Hartmann, Bolette
  • Holst, Jens Juul
  • Sabine Ellinger

PURPOSE: Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is a pathophysiological condition characterized by insulin resistance with known metabolic consequences such as postprandial hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia. We hypothesized that fortifying a meal with mushrooms rich in β-glucans may diminish glucose and triglyceride responses by improving postprandial gastrointestinal hormone release.

METHODS: In a randomized controlled crossover study, 22 subjects with IGT ingested a meal either enriched with 20 g powder (8.1 g β-glucans) of oven-dried Pleurotus ostreatus (enriched meal, EN) or without enrichment (control meal, CON). Blood was collected before and repeatedly within 4 h after the meal to determine AUC of glucose (primary outcome), insulin, triglycerides, non-esterified free fatty acids (NEFAs), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and ghrelin. Appetite sensations (hunger, satiety, fullness, and desire to eat) were assessed before and after meal consumption by visual analog scales.

RESULTS: Postprandial glucose, insulin, triglycerides, GIP and ghrelin concentrations as well as the corresponding AUCs did not differ between EN and CON. NEFAs-AUC was 14% lower (P = 0.026) and GLP-1-AUC 17% higher (P = 0.001) after EN compared to CON. Appetite ratings did not differ between treatments, except for hunger (AUC 22% lower after EN vs. CON; P = 0.031).

CONCLUSION: The observed immediate postprandial metabolic changes indicate that an easily manageable fortification of a single meal with powder from dried oyster mushrooms as β-glucan source may improve postprandial metabolism. If the effect is preserved long term, this measure can diminish the risk for further development of overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes in subjects with IGT.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: German Clinical Trial Register on 09/08/2018; trial-ID: DRKS00015244.

Original languageEnglish
JournalEuropean Journal of Nutrition
Volume61
Pages (from-to)687–701
ISSN1436-6207
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2022

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© 2021. The Author(s).

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