TY - JOUR

T1 - The Use and Effectiveness of Selected Alternative Markers for Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion Compared with Gold Standard Markers in Dietary Intervention Studies in Individuals without Diabetes

T2 - Results of a Systematic Review

AU - Rocha, Lucia Vazquez

AU - Macdonald, Ian

AU - Alssema, Marjan

AU - Færch, Kristine

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

PY - 2022

Y1 - 2022

N2 - Background: The gold‐standard techniques for measuring insulin sensitivity and secretion are well established. However, they may be perceived as invasive and expensive for use in dietary intervention studies. Thus, surrogate markers have been proposed as alternative markers for insulin sensitivity and secretion. This systematic review aimed to identify markers of insulin sensitivity and secretion in response to dietary intervention and assess their suitability as surrogates for the gold‐standard method-ology. Methods: Three databases, PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane were searched, intervention studies and randomised controlled trials reporting data on dietary intake, a gold standard of analysis of insulin sensitivity (either euglycaemic‐hyperinsulinaemic clamp or intravenous glucose tolerance test and secretion (acute insulin response to glucose), as well as surrogate markers for insulin sensitivity (either fasting insulin, area under the curve oral glucose tolerance tests and HOMA‐IR) and insulin secretion (disposi-tion index), were selected. Results: We identified thirty‐five studies that were eligible for inclusion. We found insufficient evidence to predict insulin sensitivity and secretion with surrogate markers when compared to gold standards in nutritional intervention studies. Conclusions: Future research is needed to investigate if surrogate measures of insulin sensitivity and secretion can be repeatable and reproduci-ble in the same way as gold standards.

AB - Background: The gold‐standard techniques for measuring insulin sensitivity and secretion are well established. However, they may be perceived as invasive and expensive for use in dietary intervention studies. Thus, surrogate markers have been proposed as alternative markers for insulin sensitivity and secretion. This systematic review aimed to identify markers of insulin sensitivity and secretion in response to dietary intervention and assess their suitability as surrogates for the gold‐standard method-ology. Methods: Three databases, PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane were searched, intervention studies and randomised controlled trials reporting data on dietary intake, a gold standard of analysis of insulin sensitivity (either euglycaemic‐hyperinsulinaemic clamp or intravenous glucose tolerance test and secretion (acute insulin response to glucose), as well as surrogate markers for insulin sensitivity (either fasting insulin, area under the curve oral glucose tolerance tests and HOMA‐IR) and insulin secretion (disposi-tion index), were selected. Results: We identified thirty‐five studies that were eligible for inclusion. We found insufficient evidence to predict insulin sensitivity and secretion with surrogate markers when compared to gold standards in nutritional intervention studies. Conclusions: Future research is needed to investigate if surrogate measures of insulin sensitivity and secretion can be repeatable and reproduci-ble in the same way as gold standards.

KW - dietary intervention studies

KW - gold standard

KW - insulin secretion

KW - insulin sensitivity

KW - surrogate markers

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85129856455&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3390/nu14102036

DO - 10.3390/nu14102036

M3 - Review

C2 - 35631177

AN - SCOPUS:85129856455

VL - 14

SP - 1

EP - 27

JO - Nutrients

JF - Nutrients

SN - 2072-6643

IS - 10

M1 - 2036

ER -