Exercise and diet enhance fat oxidation and reduce insulin resistance in older obese adults
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Exercise and diet enhance fat oxidation and reduce insulin resistance in older obese adults. / Solomon, Thomas; Sistrun, Sakita N; Krishnan, Raj K; Del Aguila, Luis F; Marchetti, Christine M; O'Carroll, Susan M; O'Leary, Valerie B; Kirwan, John P.
In: Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 104, No. 5, 05.2008, p. 1313-9.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Exercise and diet enhance fat oxidation and reduce insulin resistance in older obese adults
AU - Solomon, Thomas
AU - Sistrun, Sakita N
AU - Krishnan, Raj K
AU - Del Aguila, Luis F
AU - Marchetti, Christine M
AU - O'Carroll, Susan M
AU - O'Leary, Valerie B
AU - Kirwan, John P
PY - 2008/5
Y1 - 2008/5
N2 - Older, obese, and sedentary individuals are at high risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Exercise training improves metabolic anomalies associated with such diseases, but the effects of caloric restriction in addition to exercise in such a high-risk group are not known. Changes in body composition and metabolism during a lifestyle intervention were investigated in 23 older, obese men and women (aged 66 +/- 1 yr, body mass index 33.2 +/- 1.4 kg/m(2)) with impaired glucose tolerance. All volunteers undertook 12 wk of aerobic exercise training [5 days/wk for 60 min at 75% maximal oxygen consumption (Vo(2max))] with either normal caloric intake (eucaloric group, 1,901 +/- 277 kcal/day, n = 12) or a reduced-calorie diet (hypocaloric group, 1,307 +/- 70 kcal/day, n = 11), as dictated by nutritional counseling. Body composition (decreased fat mass; maintained fat-free mass), aerobic fitness (Vo(2max)), leptinemia, insulin sensitivity, and intramyocellular lipid accumulation (IMCL) in skeletal muscle improved in both groups (P <0.05). Improvements in body composition, leptin, and basal fat oxidation were greater in the hypocaloric group. Following the intervention, there was a correlation between the increase in basal fat oxidation and the decrease in IMCL (r = -0.53, P = 0.04). In addition, basal fat oxidation was associated with circulating leptin after (r = 0.65, P = 0.0007) but not before the intervention (r = 0.05, P = 0.84). In conclusion, these data show that exercise training improves resting substrate oxidation and creates a metabolic milieu that appears to promote lipid utilization in skeletal muscle, thus facilitating a reversal of insulin resistance. We also demonstrate that leptin sensitivity is improved but that such a trend may rely on reducing caloric intake in addition to exercise training.
AB - Older, obese, and sedentary individuals are at high risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Exercise training improves metabolic anomalies associated with such diseases, but the effects of caloric restriction in addition to exercise in such a high-risk group are not known. Changes in body composition and metabolism during a lifestyle intervention were investigated in 23 older, obese men and women (aged 66 +/- 1 yr, body mass index 33.2 +/- 1.4 kg/m(2)) with impaired glucose tolerance. All volunteers undertook 12 wk of aerobic exercise training [5 days/wk for 60 min at 75% maximal oxygen consumption (Vo(2max))] with either normal caloric intake (eucaloric group, 1,901 +/- 277 kcal/day, n = 12) or a reduced-calorie diet (hypocaloric group, 1,307 +/- 70 kcal/day, n = 11), as dictated by nutritional counseling. Body composition (decreased fat mass; maintained fat-free mass), aerobic fitness (Vo(2max)), leptinemia, insulin sensitivity, and intramyocellular lipid accumulation (IMCL) in skeletal muscle improved in both groups (P <0.05). Improvements in body composition, leptin, and basal fat oxidation were greater in the hypocaloric group. Following the intervention, there was a correlation between the increase in basal fat oxidation and the decrease in IMCL (r = -0.53, P = 0.04). In addition, basal fat oxidation was associated with circulating leptin after (r = 0.65, P = 0.0007) but not before the intervention (r = 0.05, P = 0.84). In conclusion, these data show that exercise training improves resting substrate oxidation and creates a metabolic milieu that appears to promote lipid utilization in skeletal muscle, thus facilitating a reversal of insulin resistance. We also demonstrate that leptin sensitivity is improved but that such a trend may rely on reducing caloric intake in addition to exercise training.
KW - Adiponectin
KW - Adiposity
KW - Aged
KW - Body Composition
KW - Caloric Restriction
KW - Diet, Reducing
KW - Dietary Fats
KW - Exercise
KW - Female
KW - Glucose Intolerance
KW - Humans
KW - Insulin Resistance
KW - Leptin
KW - Male
KW - Middle Aged
KW - Muscle, Skeletal
KW - Obesity
KW - Oxidation-Reduction
KW - Oxygen Consumption
KW - Physical Fitness
KW - Weight Loss
U2 - 10.1152/japplphysiol.00890.2007
DO - 10.1152/japplphysiol.00890.2007
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 18323464
VL - 104
SP - 1313
EP - 1319
JO - Journal of Applied Physiology
JF - Journal of Applied Physiology
SN - 8750-7587
IS - 5
ER -
ID: 50218570