Proactive Prophylaxis With Azithromycin and HydroxyChloroquine in Hospitalised Patients With COVID-19 (ProPAC-COVID): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Research output: Contribution to journalLetterResearchpeer-review

Standard

Proactive Prophylaxis With Azithromycin and HydroxyChloroquine in Hospitalised Patients With COVID-19 (ProPAC-COVID) : A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. / Sivapalan, Pradeesh; Ulrik, Charlotte Suppli; Bojesen, Rasmus Dahlin; Lapperre, Therese Sophie; Eklöf, Josefin Viktoria; Håkansson, Kjell Erik Julius; Browatzki, Andrea; Tidemansen, Casper; Wilcke, Jon Torgny; Janner, Julie; Gottlieb, Vibeke; Meteran, Howraman; Porsbjerg, Celeste; Madsen, Birgitte Lindegaard; Moberg, Mia; Pedersen, Lars; Benfield, Thomas Lars; Lundgren, Jens Dilling; Knop, Filip Krag; Biering-Sørensen, Tor; Ghanizada, Muzhda; Sonne, Tine Peick; Bødtger, Uffe Christian Steinholtz; Jensen, Sidse Graff; Rasmussen, Daniel Bech; Brøndum, Eva; Tupper, Oliver Djurhuus; Sørensen, Susanne Wiemann; Alstrup, Gitte; Laursen, Christian Borbjerg; Møller, Ulla Weinrich; Sverrild, Asger; Jensen, Jens-Ulrik Stæhr.

In: Trials, Vol. 21, 513, 2020.

Research output: Contribution to journalLetterResearchpeer-review

Harvard

Sivapalan, P, Ulrik, CS, Bojesen, RD, Lapperre, TS, Eklöf, JV, Håkansson, KEJ, Browatzki, A, Tidemansen, C, Wilcke, JT, Janner, J, Gottlieb, V, Meteran, H, Porsbjerg, C, Madsen, BL, Moberg, M, Pedersen, L, Benfield, TL, Lundgren, JD, Knop, FK, Biering-Sørensen, T, Ghanizada, M, Sonne, TP, Bødtger, UCS, Jensen, SG, Rasmussen, DB, Brøndum, E, Tupper, OD, Sørensen, SW, Alstrup, G, Laursen, CB, Møller, UW, Sverrild, A & Jensen, J-US 2020, 'Proactive Prophylaxis With Azithromycin and HydroxyChloroquine in Hospitalised Patients With COVID-19 (ProPAC-COVID): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial', Trials, vol. 21, 513. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-020-04409-9

APA

Sivapalan, P., Ulrik, C. S., Bojesen, R. D., Lapperre, T. S., Eklöf, J. V., Håkansson, K. E. J., Browatzki, A., Tidemansen, C., Wilcke, J. T., Janner, J., Gottlieb, V., Meteran, H., Porsbjerg, C., Madsen, B. L., Moberg, M., Pedersen, L., Benfield, T. L., Lundgren, J. D., Knop, F. K., ... Jensen, J-U. S. (2020). Proactive Prophylaxis With Azithromycin and HydroxyChloroquine in Hospitalised Patients With COVID-19 (ProPAC-COVID): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials, 21, [513]. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-020-04409-9

Vancouver

Sivapalan P, Ulrik CS, Bojesen RD, Lapperre TS, Eklöf JV, Håkansson KEJ et al. Proactive Prophylaxis With Azithromycin and HydroxyChloroquine in Hospitalised Patients With COVID-19 (ProPAC-COVID): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials. 2020;21. 513. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-020-04409-9

Author

Sivapalan, Pradeesh ; Ulrik, Charlotte Suppli ; Bojesen, Rasmus Dahlin ; Lapperre, Therese Sophie ; Eklöf, Josefin Viktoria ; Håkansson, Kjell Erik Julius ; Browatzki, Andrea ; Tidemansen, Casper ; Wilcke, Jon Torgny ; Janner, Julie ; Gottlieb, Vibeke ; Meteran, Howraman ; Porsbjerg, Celeste ; Madsen, Birgitte Lindegaard ; Moberg, Mia ; Pedersen, Lars ; Benfield, Thomas Lars ; Lundgren, Jens Dilling ; Knop, Filip Krag ; Biering-Sørensen, Tor ; Ghanizada, Muzhda ; Sonne, Tine Peick ; Bødtger, Uffe Christian Steinholtz ; Jensen, Sidse Graff ; Rasmussen, Daniel Bech ; Brøndum, Eva ; Tupper, Oliver Djurhuus ; Sørensen, Susanne Wiemann ; Alstrup, Gitte ; Laursen, Christian Borbjerg ; Møller, Ulla Weinrich ; Sverrild, Asger ; Jensen, Jens-Ulrik Stæhr. / Proactive Prophylaxis With Azithromycin and HydroxyChloroquine in Hospitalised Patients With COVID-19 (ProPAC-COVID) : A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. In: Trials. 2020 ; Vol. 21.

Bibtex

@article{13c2740274db4c549878094b260c0cde,
title = "Proactive Prophylaxis With Azithromycin and HydroxyChloroquine in Hospitalised Patients With COVID-19 (ProPAC-COVID): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial",
abstract = "OBJECTIVES: The aim of this randomised GCP-controlled trial is to clarify whether combination therapy with the antibiotic azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine via anti-inflammation/immune modulation, antiviral efficacy and pre-emptive treatment of supra-infections can shorten hospitalisation duration for patients with COVID-19 (measured as {"}days alive and out of hospital{"} as the primary outcome), reduce the risk of non- invasive ventilation, treatment in the intensive care unit and death.TRIAL DESIGN: This is a multi-centre, randomised, Placebo-controlled, 2-arm ratio 1:1, parallel group double-blind study.PARTICIPANTS: 226 participants are recruited at the trial sites/hospitals, where the study will take place in Denmark: Aalborg, Bispebjerg, Gentofte, Herlev, Hiller{\o}d, Hvidovre, Odense and Slagelse hospitals.INCLUSION CRITERIA: • Patient admitted to Danish emergency departments, respiratory medicine departments or internal medicine departments • Age≥ 18 years • Hospitalized ≤48 hours • Positive COVID-19 test / diagnosis during the hospitalization (confirmed). • Men or non-fertile women. Fertile women* must not be pregnant, i.e. negative pregnancy test must be available at inclusion • Informed consent signed by the patient *Defined as after menarche and until postmenopausal (no menstruation for 12 months) Exclusion criteria: • At the time of recruitment, the patient uses >5 LO2/min (equivalent to 40% FiO2 if measured) • Known intolerance/allergy to azithromycin or hydroxychloroquine or hypersensitivity to quinine or 4-aminoquinoline derivatives • Neurogenic hearing loss • Psoriasis • Retinopathy • Maculopathy • Visual field changes • Breastfeeding • Severe liver diseases other than amoebiasis (INR> 1.5 spontaneously) • Severe gastrointestinal, neurological and hematological disorders (investigator-assessed) • eGFR <45 ml/min/1.73 m2 • Clinically significant cardiac conduction disorders/arrhythmias or prolonged QTc interval (QTc (f) of> 480/470 ms). • Myasthenia gravis • Treatment with digoxin* • Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency • Porphyria • Hypoglycaemia (Blood glucose at any time since hospitalization of <3.0 mmol/L) • Severe mental illness which significantly impedes cooperation • Severe linguistic problems that significantly hinder cooperation • Treatment with ergot alkaloids *The patient must not be treated with digoxin for the duration of the intervention. For atrial fibrillation/flutter, select according to the Cardiovascular National Treatment Guide (NBV): Calcium antagonist, Beta blocker, direct current (DC) conversion or amiodarone. In case of urgent need for digoxin treatment (contraindication for the aforementioned equal alternatives), the test drug should be paused, and ECG should be taken daily.INTERVENTION AND COMPARATOR: Control group: The control group will receive the standard treatment + placebo for both types of intervention medication at all times. If part or all the intervention therapy being investigated becomes standard treatment during the study, this may also be offered to the control group. Intervention group: The patients in the intervention group will also receive standard care. Immediately after randomisation to the intervention group, the patient will begin treatment with: Azithromycin: Day 1-3: 500 mg x 1 Day 4-15: 250 mg x 1 If the patient is unable to take the medication orally by themselves, the medication will, if possible, be administered by either stomach-feeding tube, or alternatively, temporary be changed to clarithromycin 500 mg x 2 (this only in agreement with either study coordinator Pradeesh Sivapalan or principal investigator Jens-Ulrik St{\ae}hr Jensen). This will also be done in the control group if necessary. The patient will switch back to azithromycin when possible. Hydroxychloroquine: Furthermore, the patient will be treated with hydroxychloroquine as follows: Day 1-15: 200 mg x 2 MAIN OUTCOMES: • Number of days alive and discharged from hospital within 14 days (summarises both whether the patient is alive and discharged from hospital) ({"}Days alive and out of hospital{"}) RANDOMISATION: The sponsor (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Trial Network, COP:TRIN) generates a randomisation sequence. Randomisation will be in blocks of unknown size and the final allocation will be via an encrypted website (REDCap). There will be stratification for age (>70 years vs. <=70 years), site of recruitment and whether the patient has any of the following chronic lung diseases: COPD, asthma, bronchiectasis, interstitial lung disease (Yes vs. No).BLINDING (MASKING): Participants and study personnel will both be blinded, i.e. neither will know which group the participant is allocated to.NUMBERS TO BE RANDOMISED (SAMPLE SIZE): This study requires 226 patients randomised 1:1 with 113 in each group.TRIAL STATUS: Protocol version 1.8, from April 16, 2020. Recruitment is ongoing (first patient recruited April 6, 2020; final patient expected to be recruited October 31, 2020).TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04322396 (registered March 26, 2020) FULL PROTOCOL: The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol. The study protocol has been reported in accordance with the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Clinical Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) guidelines (Additional file 2).",
keywords = "Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage, Azithromycin/administration & dosage, Betacoronavirus/drug effects, COVID-19, Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis, Critical Care, Denmark, Double-Blind Method, Drug Administration Schedule, Hospital Mortality, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Humans, Hydroxychloroquine/administration & dosage, Inpatients, Length of Stay, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Noninvasive Ventilation, Pandemics, Patient Admission, Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, SARS-CoV-2, Severity of Illness Index, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome",
author = "Pradeesh Sivapalan and Ulrik, {Charlotte Suppli} and Bojesen, {Rasmus Dahlin} and Lapperre, {Therese Sophie} and Ekl{\"o}f, {Josefin Viktoria} and H{\aa}kansson, {Kjell Erik Julius} and Andrea Browatzki and Casper Tidemansen and Wilcke, {Jon Torgny} and Julie Janner and Vibeke Gottlieb and Howraman Meteran and Celeste Porsbjerg and Madsen, {Birgitte Lindegaard} and Mia Moberg and Lars Pedersen and Benfield, {Thomas Lars} and Lundgren, {Jens Dilling} and Knop, {Filip Krag} and Tor Biering-S{\o}rensen and Muzhda Ghanizada and Sonne, {Tine Peick} and B{\o}dtger, {Uffe Christian Steinholtz} and Jensen, {Sidse Graff} and Rasmussen, {Daniel Bech} and Eva Br{\o}ndum and Tupper, {Oliver Djurhuus} and S{\o}rensen, {Susanne Wiemann} and Gitte Alstrup and Laursen, {Christian Borbjerg} and M{\o}ller, {Ulla Weinrich} and Asger Sverrild and Jensen, {Jens-Ulrik St{\ae}hr}",
year = "2020",
doi = "10.1186/s13063-020-04409-9",
language = "English",
volume = "21",
journal = "Trials",
issn = "1745-6215",
publisher = "BioMed Central Ltd.",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - Proactive Prophylaxis With Azithromycin and HydroxyChloroquine in Hospitalised Patients With COVID-19 (ProPAC-COVID)

T2 - A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

AU - Sivapalan, Pradeesh

AU - Ulrik, Charlotte Suppli

AU - Bojesen, Rasmus Dahlin

AU - Lapperre, Therese Sophie

AU - Eklöf, Josefin Viktoria

AU - Håkansson, Kjell Erik Julius

AU - Browatzki, Andrea

AU - Tidemansen, Casper

AU - Wilcke, Jon Torgny

AU - Janner, Julie

AU - Gottlieb, Vibeke

AU - Meteran, Howraman

AU - Porsbjerg, Celeste

AU - Madsen, Birgitte Lindegaard

AU - Moberg, Mia

AU - Pedersen, Lars

AU - Benfield, Thomas Lars

AU - Lundgren, Jens Dilling

AU - Knop, Filip Krag

AU - Biering-Sørensen, Tor

AU - Ghanizada, Muzhda

AU - Sonne, Tine Peick

AU - Bødtger, Uffe Christian Steinholtz

AU - Jensen, Sidse Graff

AU - Rasmussen, Daniel Bech

AU - Brøndum, Eva

AU - Tupper, Oliver Djurhuus

AU - Sørensen, Susanne Wiemann

AU - Alstrup, Gitte

AU - Laursen, Christian Borbjerg

AU - Møller, Ulla Weinrich

AU - Sverrild, Asger

AU - Jensen, Jens-Ulrik Stæhr

PY - 2020

Y1 - 2020

N2 - OBJECTIVES: The aim of this randomised GCP-controlled trial is to clarify whether combination therapy with the antibiotic azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine via anti-inflammation/immune modulation, antiviral efficacy and pre-emptive treatment of supra-infections can shorten hospitalisation duration for patients with COVID-19 (measured as "days alive and out of hospital" as the primary outcome), reduce the risk of non- invasive ventilation, treatment in the intensive care unit and death.TRIAL DESIGN: This is a multi-centre, randomised, Placebo-controlled, 2-arm ratio 1:1, parallel group double-blind study.PARTICIPANTS: 226 participants are recruited at the trial sites/hospitals, where the study will take place in Denmark: Aalborg, Bispebjerg, Gentofte, Herlev, Hillerød, Hvidovre, Odense and Slagelse hospitals.INCLUSION CRITERIA: • Patient admitted to Danish emergency departments, respiratory medicine departments or internal medicine departments • Age≥ 18 years • Hospitalized ≤48 hours • Positive COVID-19 test / diagnosis during the hospitalization (confirmed). • Men or non-fertile women. Fertile women* must not be pregnant, i.e. negative pregnancy test must be available at inclusion • Informed consent signed by the patient *Defined as after menarche and until postmenopausal (no menstruation for 12 months) Exclusion criteria: • At the time of recruitment, the patient uses >5 LO2/min (equivalent to 40% FiO2 if measured) • Known intolerance/allergy to azithromycin or hydroxychloroquine or hypersensitivity to quinine or 4-aminoquinoline derivatives • Neurogenic hearing loss • Psoriasis • Retinopathy • Maculopathy • Visual field changes • Breastfeeding • Severe liver diseases other than amoebiasis (INR> 1.5 spontaneously) • Severe gastrointestinal, neurological and hematological disorders (investigator-assessed) • eGFR <45 ml/min/1.73 m2 • Clinically significant cardiac conduction disorders/arrhythmias or prolonged QTc interval (QTc (f) of> 480/470 ms). • Myasthenia gravis • Treatment with digoxin* • Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency • Porphyria • Hypoglycaemia (Blood glucose at any time since hospitalization of <3.0 mmol/L) • Severe mental illness which significantly impedes cooperation • Severe linguistic problems that significantly hinder cooperation • Treatment with ergot alkaloids *The patient must not be treated with digoxin for the duration of the intervention. For atrial fibrillation/flutter, select according to the Cardiovascular National Treatment Guide (NBV): Calcium antagonist, Beta blocker, direct current (DC) conversion or amiodarone. In case of urgent need for digoxin treatment (contraindication for the aforementioned equal alternatives), the test drug should be paused, and ECG should be taken daily.INTERVENTION AND COMPARATOR: Control group: The control group will receive the standard treatment + placebo for both types of intervention medication at all times. If part or all the intervention therapy being investigated becomes standard treatment during the study, this may also be offered to the control group. Intervention group: The patients in the intervention group will also receive standard care. Immediately after randomisation to the intervention group, the patient will begin treatment with: Azithromycin: Day 1-3: 500 mg x 1 Day 4-15: 250 mg x 1 If the patient is unable to take the medication orally by themselves, the medication will, if possible, be administered by either stomach-feeding tube, or alternatively, temporary be changed to clarithromycin 500 mg x 2 (this only in agreement with either study coordinator Pradeesh Sivapalan or principal investigator Jens-Ulrik Stæhr Jensen). This will also be done in the control group if necessary. The patient will switch back to azithromycin when possible. Hydroxychloroquine: Furthermore, the patient will be treated with hydroxychloroquine as follows: Day 1-15: 200 mg x 2 MAIN OUTCOMES: • Number of days alive and discharged from hospital within 14 days (summarises both whether the patient is alive and discharged from hospital) ("Days alive and out of hospital") RANDOMISATION: The sponsor (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Trial Network, COP:TRIN) generates a randomisation sequence. Randomisation will be in blocks of unknown size and the final allocation will be via an encrypted website (REDCap). There will be stratification for age (>70 years vs. <=70 years), site of recruitment and whether the patient has any of the following chronic lung diseases: COPD, asthma, bronchiectasis, interstitial lung disease (Yes vs. No).BLINDING (MASKING): Participants and study personnel will both be blinded, i.e. neither will know which group the participant is allocated to.NUMBERS TO BE RANDOMISED (SAMPLE SIZE): This study requires 226 patients randomised 1:1 with 113 in each group.TRIAL STATUS: Protocol version 1.8, from April 16, 2020. Recruitment is ongoing (first patient recruited April 6, 2020; final patient expected to be recruited October 31, 2020).TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04322396 (registered March 26, 2020) FULL PROTOCOL: The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol. The study protocol has been reported in accordance with the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Clinical Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) guidelines (Additional file 2).

AB - OBJECTIVES: The aim of this randomised GCP-controlled trial is to clarify whether combination therapy with the antibiotic azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine via anti-inflammation/immune modulation, antiviral efficacy and pre-emptive treatment of supra-infections can shorten hospitalisation duration for patients with COVID-19 (measured as "days alive and out of hospital" as the primary outcome), reduce the risk of non- invasive ventilation, treatment in the intensive care unit and death.TRIAL DESIGN: This is a multi-centre, randomised, Placebo-controlled, 2-arm ratio 1:1, parallel group double-blind study.PARTICIPANTS: 226 participants are recruited at the trial sites/hospitals, where the study will take place in Denmark: Aalborg, Bispebjerg, Gentofte, Herlev, Hillerød, Hvidovre, Odense and Slagelse hospitals.INCLUSION CRITERIA: • Patient admitted to Danish emergency departments, respiratory medicine departments or internal medicine departments • Age≥ 18 years • Hospitalized ≤48 hours • Positive COVID-19 test / diagnosis during the hospitalization (confirmed). • Men or non-fertile women. Fertile women* must not be pregnant, i.e. negative pregnancy test must be available at inclusion • Informed consent signed by the patient *Defined as after menarche and until postmenopausal (no menstruation for 12 months) Exclusion criteria: • At the time of recruitment, the patient uses >5 LO2/min (equivalent to 40% FiO2 if measured) • Known intolerance/allergy to azithromycin or hydroxychloroquine or hypersensitivity to quinine or 4-aminoquinoline derivatives • Neurogenic hearing loss • Psoriasis • Retinopathy • Maculopathy • Visual field changes • Breastfeeding • Severe liver diseases other than amoebiasis (INR> 1.5 spontaneously) • Severe gastrointestinal, neurological and hematological disorders (investigator-assessed) • eGFR <45 ml/min/1.73 m2 • Clinically significant cardiac conduction disorders/arrhythmias or prolonged QTc interval (QTc (f) of> 480/470 ms). • Myasthenia gravis • Treatment with digoxin* • Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency • Porphyria • Hypoglycaemia (Blood glucose at any time since hospitalization of <3.0 mmol/L) • Severe mental illness which significantly impedes cooperation • Severe linguistic problems that significantly hinder cooperation • Treatment with ergot alkaloids *The patient must not be treated with digoxin for the duration of the intervention. For atrial fibrillation/flutter, select according to the Cardiovascular National Treatment Guide (NBV): Calcium antagonist, Beta blocker, direct current (DC) conversion or amiodarone. In case of urgent need for digoxin treatment (contraindication for the aforementioned equal alternatives), the test drug should be paused, and ECG should be taken daily.INTERVENTION AND COMPARATOR: Control group: The control group will receive the standard treatment + placebo for both types of intervention medication at all times. If part or all the intervention therapy being investigated becomes standard treatment during the study, this may also be offered to the control group. Intervention group: The patients in the intervention group will also receive standard care. Immediately after randomisation to the intervention group, the patient will begin treatment with: Azithromycin: Day 1-3: 500 mg x 1 Day 4-15: 250 mg x 1 If the patient is unable to take the medication orally by themselves, the medication will, if possible, be administered by either stomach-feeding tube, or alternatively, temporary be changed to clarithromycin 500 mg x 2 (this only in agreement with either study coordinator Pradeesh Sivapalan or principal investigator Jens-Ulrik Stæhr Jensen). This will also be done in the control group if necessary. The patient will switch back to azithromycin when possible. Hydroxychloroquine: Furthermore, the patient will be treated with hydroxychloroquine as follows: Day 1-15: 200 mg x 2 MAIN OUTCOMES: • Number of days alive and discharged from hospital within 14 days (summarises both whether the patient is alive and discharged from hospital) ("Days alive and out of hospital") RANDOMISATION: The sponsor (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Trial Network, COP:TRIN) generates a randomisation sequence. Randomisation will be in blocks of unknown size and the final allocation will be via an encrypted website (REDCap). There will be stratification for age (>70 years vs. <=70 years), site of recruitment and whether the patient has any of the following chronic lung diseases: COPD, asthma, bronchiectasis, interstitial lung disease (Yes vs. No).BLINDING (MASKING): Participants and study personnel will both be blinded, i.e. neither will know which group the participant is allocated to.NUMBERS TO BE RANDOMISED (SAMPLE SIZE): This study requires 226 patients randomised 1:1 with 113 in each group.TRIAL STATUS: Protocol version 1.8, from April 16, 2020. Recruitment is ongoing (first patient recruited April 6, 2020; final patient expected to be recruited October 31, 2020).TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04322396 (registered March 26, 2020) FULL PROTOCOL: The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol. The study protocol has been reported in accordance with the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Clinical Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) guidelines (Additional file 2).

KW - Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage

KW - Azithromycin/administration & dosage

KW - Betacoronavirus/drug effects

KW - COVID-19

KW - Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis

KW - Critical Care

KW - Denmark

KW - Double-Blind Method

KW - Drug Administration Schedule

KW - Hospital Mortality

KW - Host-Pathogen Interactions

KW - Humans

KW - Hydroxychloroquine/administration & dosage

KW - Inpatients

KW - Length of Stay

KW - Multicenter Studies as Topic

KW - Noninvasive Ventilation

KW - Pandemics

KW - Patient Admission

KW - Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis

KW - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

KW - SARS-CoV-2

KW - Severity of Illness Index

KW - Time Factors

KW - Treatment Outcome

U2 - 10.1186/s13063-020-04409-9

DO - 10.1186/s13063-020-04409-9

M3 - Letter

C2 - 32522282

VL - 21

JO - Trials

JF - Trials

SN - 1745-6215

M1 - 513

ER -

ID: 260055226