TY - JOUR

T1 - Effect of the natural sweetener xylitol on gut hormone secretion and gastric emptying in humans

T2 - A pilot dose-ranging study

AU - Meyer-Gerspach, Anne Christin

AU - Drewe, Jürgen

AU - Verbeure, Wout

AU - Le Roux, Carel W.

AU - Dellatorre-Teixeira, Ludmilla

AU - Rehfeld, Jens F.

AU - Holst, Jens J.

AU - Hartmann, Bolette

AU - Tack, Jan

AU - Peterli, Ralph

AU - Beglinger, Christoph

AU - Wölnerhanssen, Bettina K.

PY - 2021

Y1 - 2021

N2 - Sugar consumption is associated with a whole range of negative health effects and should be reduced and the natural sweetener xylitol might be helpful in achieving this goal. The present study was conducted as a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over trial. Twelve healthy, lean volunteers received intragastric solutions with 7, 17 or 35 g xylitol or tap water on four separate days. We examined effects on: gut hormones, glucose, insulin, glucagon, uric acid, lipid profile, as well as gastric emptying rates, appetite-related sensations and gastrointestinal symptoms. We found: (i) a dose-dependent stimulation of cholecystokinin (CCK), active glucagon-like peptide-1 (aGLP-1), peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY)-release, and decelerated gastric emptying rates, (ii) a dose-dependent increase in blood glucose and insulin, (iii) no effect on motilin, glucagon, or glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)-release, (iv) no effect on blood lipids, but a rise in uric acid, and (v) increased bowel sounds as only side effects. In conclusion, low doses of xylitol stimulate the secretion of gut hormones and induce a deceleration in gastric emptying rates. There is no effect on blood lipids and only little effect on plasma glucose and insulin. This combination of properties (low-glycemic sweetener which stimulates satiation hormone release) makes xylitol an attractive candidate for sugar replacement.

AB - Sugar consumption is associated with a whole range of negative health effects and should be reduced and the natural sweetener xylitol might be helpful in achieving this goal. The present study was conducted as a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over trial. Twelve healthy, lean volunteers received intragastric solutions with 7, 17 or 35 g xylitol or tap water on four separate days. We examined effects on: gut hormones, glucose, insulin, glucagon, uric acid, lipid profile, as well as gastric emptying rates, appetite-related sensations and gastrointestinal symptoms. We found: (i) a dose-dependent stimulation of cholecystokinin (CCK), active glucagon-like peptide-1 (aGLP-1), peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY)-release, and decelerated gastric emptying rates, (ii) a dose-dependent increase in blood glucose and insulin, (iii) no effect on motilin, glucagon, or glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)-release, (iv) no effect on blood lipids, but a rise in uric acid, and (v) increased bowel sounds as only side effects. In conclusion, low doses of xylitol stimulate the secretion of gut hormones and induce a deceleration in gastric emptying rates. There is no effect on blood lipids and only little effect on plasma glucose and insulin. This combination of properties (low-glycemic sweetener which stimulates satiation hormone release) makes xylitol an attractive candidate for sugar replacement.

KW - Appetite-related sensations

KW - Blood lipids

KW - Gastric emptying

KW - Gastrointestinal symptoms

KW - Gut hormones

KW - Natural sweeteners

KW - Uric acid

KW - Xylitol

U2 - 10.3390/nu13010174

DO - 10.3390/nu13010174

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 33429977

AN - SCOPUS:85099031799

VL - 13

JO - Nutrients

JF - Nutrients

SN - 2072-6643

IS - 1

M1 - 174

ER -