The research work sought to contribute to improving the practice of measuring poverty and wellbeing in developing country contexts. The contributions include: two sets of software code designed to provide an advanced yet flexible basis for consumption (PLEASe) and multidimensional (EFOD) poverty analysis; a review of the theoretical foundations underlying the methods expressed in the code; discussion of practical issues encountered in the analysis of poverty and wellbeing both in general terms and in the eleven country cases included; a synthesis of general lessons emerging from the case studies as a group and an extension to the analysis of inequality. This book was not designed to suggest an exact cookbook approach to conducting analysis or to permit analyses to be produced more quickly. Rather, the analytical packages are meant to permit the analyst to spend more time thinking, cross-checking, and judging and less time on mechanical tasks.